Principles of Biological Evolution and Social Computing in the Arts
Symposium:
Session Title:
- Composition and Generative Creation
Presentation Title:
- Principles of Biological Evolution and Social Computing in the Arts
Presenter(s):
Abstract:
We describe the conceptual background and implementation of various biologically inspired computational models for creative decision making in the realm of computer music.This includes the use of evolution as an alternative to explicit design as well as using emergent functionality in simulated societies of interacting software agents.We aim to explore complex behavior in interactive systems using self-organization: global, overall complexity is a side effect of the application of simple local rules in a distributed system.
The current paper documents three specific approaches. First, cellular automata for which the lookup table rules are seen as genotypes and manipulated using genetic operators.This provides for a huge genetic space to be explored although the structure of the rule does not itself evolve. A second method deals with this limitation and views the rewrite rules of Lindenmayer Systems as genotypes.These rules are represented as nested Lisp structures of arbitrary complexity. The user selects interesting rules by interactive inspection of their resulting phenotypes i.e. their realization to the midi domain. Evolution is guided by applying cross-over and mutation operators to selected rules and the cycle repeats. This method is an example of true exploration for it allows for growing complex artifacts without any initial formal specification. In addition, goals are mobile and dynamic; they are identified while engaged in the act of searching itself.
Finally, a third class of programs accommodate complex social behavior in a collective of agents equipped with sensors and effectors. Agents move in a two-dimensional space. Sensors capture nearby activity from fellow agents as well as external midi input from a human wetware agent. Effectors control sensitivities, how the agent moves and how musical responses are created. Agents express a personal character yet they also wish to integrate external input from a human performer.A behavioral wealth issues from the conflicting forces of integration and expression. These programs provide real-time audio-visual feedback and are implemented in HMSL.
In summary, this paper offers examples of systems where man and machine mutually contribute to a climate which favors invention and collaboration. The results would not be obtainable by either man or machine when acting in isolation.
